Infestação por carrapatos Argasidae e Ixodidae em pequenos mamíferos silvestres da Estação Experimental Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró/RN / Infestation by ticks Argasidae and Ixodidae on small wild mammals at the Experimental Station Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró/RN, Brazil

Poucos estudos avaliaram a diversidade de ectoparasitos e a associação deles com seus hospedeiros que ocorrem no bioma Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil. Considerando-se essa falta de conhecimento, este estudo objetivou identificar e determinar a ocorrência de carrapatos coletados de pequenos mamíferos da Estação Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. De janeiro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015 foram capturados 52 marsupiais (38 Gracilinanus agilis e 14 Monodelphis domestica) e 10 roedores (5 Wiedomys sp., 4 Thrichomys sp. e 1 Rattus norvegicus). Foram identificados os carrapatos Amblyomma auricularium, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sp., Ornithodoros mimon e Ornithodoros sp., empregando estudo morfológico, chaves taxonômicas e sequenciamento parcial do gene mitocondrial 16S rDNA de carrapatos. Todas as associações carrapato-hospedeiro encontradas neste estudo são relatadas pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Norte e constituem novos dados ecológicos aplicáveis aos ectoparasitos de pequenos mamíferos no nordeste do Brasil.(AU)

Few studies have assessed the diversity of ectoparasites and their associated hosts occurring within the Caatinga biome in northeastern Brazil. Considering this lack of knowledge, in this study we aimed to identify and determine the occurrence of ticks collected from small mammals at the Estação Experimental Rafael Fernandes, in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. From January 2014 to February 2015, we captured 52 marsupials (38 Gracilinanus agilis and 14 Monodelphis domestica) and 10 rodents (5 Wiedomys sp., 4 Thrichomys sp. and 1 Rattus norvegicus). We identified the ticks Amblyomma auricularium, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sp., Ornithodoros mimon and Ornithodoros sp. by a morphological study, the use of taxonomic keys, and the partial sequencing of the tick mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene. All the tick-host associations found in this study are reported for the first time in Rio Grande do Norte and constitute new ecological data concerning ectoparasites of small mammals in northeastern Brazil.(AU)

Gut transcriptome analysis on females of Ornithodoros mimon (Acari: Argasidae) and phylogenetic inference of ticks / Transcriptoma do intestino de fêmeas de Ornithodoros mimon (Acari: Argasidae) e inferência filogenética de carrapatos

Abstract Ornithodoros mimon is an argasid tick that parasitizes bats, birds and opossums and is also harmful to humans. Knowledge of the transcripts present in the tick gut helps in understanding the role of vital molecules in the digestion process and parasite-host relationship, while also providing information about the evolution of arthropod hematophagy. Thus, the present study aimed to know and ascertain the main molecules expressed in the gut of argasid after their blood meal, through analysis on the gut transcriptome of engorged females of O. mimon using 454-based RNA sequencing. The gut transcriptome analysis reveals several transcripts associated with hemoglobin digestion, such as serine, cysteine, aspartic proteases and metalloenzymes. The phylogenetic analysis on the peptidases confirmed that most of them are clustered with other tick genes. We recorded the presence a cathepsin O peptidase-coding transcript in ticks. The topology of the phylogenetic inferences, based on transcripts of inferred families of homologues, was similar to that of previous reports based on mitochondrial genome and nuclear rRNA sequences. We deposited 2,213 sequence of O. mimon to the public databases. Our findings may help towards better understanding of important argasid metabolic processes, such as digestion, nutrition and immunity.

Resumo Ornithodoros mimon é um carrapato argasídeo parasita de morcegos, aves e marsupiais, além de ser bastante agressivo aos humanos. O conhecimento dos transcritos presentes no intestino dos carrapatos auxilia no entendimento do papel de moléculas vitais no processo de digestão e na relação parasito-hospedeiro, além de fornecer também informações sobre a evolução dos artrópodes hematófagos. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e identificar as principais moléculas expressas no intestino de uma espécie de carrapato argasídeo após o repasto sanguíneo, através de uma análise transcritômica descritiva do intestino de fêmeas ingurgitadas de O. mimon, utilizando um sequenciamento de RNA de nova geração da plataforma 454. Além de inferir a relação filogenética de carrapatos através de um conjunto de dados transcritômicos. O transcriptoma do intestino revelou diversos transcritos associados com a digestão da hemoglobina, como proteinases das classes serino, cisteína, aspártica e metalo. Registramos a presença de um transcrito de uma cisteína peptidase do tipo catepsina O em carrapatos. A inferência filogenética baseada em conjunto de dados transcritos homólogos tem uma resolução topológica similar a de outros conjuntos de dados moleculares. Foram depositados no banco de dados gênico público 2213 transcritos de O. mimon. Os achados obtidos no presente estudo podem contribuir para compreensão dos importantes processos, como digestão, nutrição e imunidade dos carrapatos da família Argasidae, além de fornecer informações sobre a filogenia da ordem Ixodida.

Ticks parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil / Carrapatos parasitando morcegos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) na Caatinga, Brasil

Abstract In this paper, the authors report ticks parasitizing bats from the Serra das Almas Natural Reserve (RPPN) located in the municipality of Crateús, state of Ceará, in the semiarid Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out during nine nights in the dry season (July 2012) and 10 nights in the rainy season (February 2013). Only bats of the Phyllostomidae and Mormoopidae families were parasitized by ticks. The species Artibeus planirostris and Carolia perspicillata were the most parasitized. A total of 409 larvae were collected and classified into three genera: Antricola (n = 1), Nothoaspis (n = 1) and Ornithodoros (n = 407). Four species were morphologically identified as Nothoaspis amazoniensis, Ornithodoros cavernicolous, Ornithodoros fonsecai, Ornithodoros hasei, and Ornithodoros marinkellei. Ornithodoros hasei was the most common tick associated with bats in the current study. The present study expand the distributional ranges of at least three soft ticks into the Caatinga biome, and highlight an unexpected richness of argasid ticks inhabiting this arid ecosystem.

Resumo Neste artigo, os autores relatam carrapatos parasitando morcegos da Serra das Almas Reserva Natural (RPPN), localizada no município de Crateús, Estado do Ceará, no bioma semi-árido da Caatinga no nordeste do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado durante nove noites, na estação seca (julho de 2012) e 10 noites, na estação chuvosa (fevereiro de 2013). Apenas morcegos das famílias Phyllostomidae e Mormoopidae estavam parasitados por carrapatos. As espécies Artibeus planirostris e Carolia perspicillata foram as mais parasitadas. Um total de 409 larvas foram coletadas e classificadas em três gêneros: Antricola (n = 1), Nothoaspis (n = 1) e Ornithodoros (n = 407). Quatro espécies foram identificadas morfologicamente como Nothoaspis amazoniensis, Ornithodoros cavernicolous, Ornithodoros fonsecai, Ornithodoros hasei e Ornithodoros marinkellei. Ornithodoros hasei foi a espécie de carrapato mais comum associada com morcegos no presente estudo. O presente estudo expande a distribuição de, pelo menos, três espécies de argasideos para o bioma Caatinga, e destaca a inesperada riqueza de espécies habitando este árido ecossistema.

Ornithodoros sawaii (Ixodida: Argasidae) Larvae Collected from Hydrobates monorhis on Sogugul and Gaerin Islands, Jeollanam-do (Province), Republic of Korea

The 65th Medical Brigade and Public Health Command District-Korea, in collaboration with the Migratory Bird Research Center, National Park Research Institute, conducted migratory bird tick surveillance at Sogugul and Gaerin Islands (small rocky bird nesting sites), Jeollanam-do (Province), Republic of Korea (ROK), on 30 July and 1 August 2009. Breeding seabirds captured by hands in their nesting burrows were banded, identified to species, and carefully examined for ticks during the nesting season. A total of 9 Ornithodoros sawaii larvae were removed from 4 adult Hydrobates monorhis (Swinhoe's storm petrel). The identification of the larvae of O. sawaii collected from migratory seabirds were molecularly confirmed using mitochondrial 16S rDNA primer sets.

Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis (Ixodidae: Argasidae) parasitizing exotic reptiles in Panama

In this paper we report and discuss the finding of all the stages of Ornithodoros puertoricensis (Argasidae) parasitizing the exotic reptiles Varanus dumerilii, Python regius and P. bivittatus, and its presence in the reptile terrariums in Panama city.

En este trabajo se reporta y discute el hallazgo de todos los estadios Ornithodoros puertoricensis (Argasidae) parasitando los reptiles Varanus dumerilii, Python regius y P. bivittatus, y su presencia en los terrarios de reptiles en ciudad de Panamá.

Immature argasid ticks: diagnosis and keys for neotropical region / Carrapatos argasídeos imaturos: diagnoses e chaves para a região neotropical

Many argasid tick species are known only through their larval descriptions, in which the chaetotaxy, together with other external morphological characteristics, has been used to separate genera and species. However, the illustrations of these features are based on optical microscopy alone and many of these features are not clearly defined. Because of the difficulties in determining the larval and nymph stages of some genera, we have prepared illustrated keys for the immature stages of argasids, including an up-to-date list of the known species of the Neotropical region. We have also included an illustrated key for larvae of the Ornithodoros species from Brazil, based on scanning electron microscopy.

Muitos carrapatos argasídeos são conhecidos somente por descrições larvais, nas quais a quetotaxia associada a outros caracteres morfológicos tem sido usada para separar gêneros e espécies. No entanto, as ilustrações sobre esses caracteres são baseadas somente em microscopia óptica e muitos deles não estão claramente definidos. Devido às dificuldades em determinar estágios larvais e ninfais de alguns gêneros, elaboramos chaves ilustradas para os estágios imaturos de argasídeos, incluindo uma lista atualizada de espécies conhecidas da região Neotropical. Incluímos também uma chave ilustrada para larvas das espécies de Ornithodoros do Brasil baseada em microscopia eletrônica de varredura.

Canis familiaris, UN NUEVO HOSPEDERO DE Ornithodoros (A.) puertoricensis FOX, 1947 (ACARI: IXODIDA) EN COLOMBIA / Canis familiaris, a New Host of Ornithodoros (A.) puertoricensis Fox, 1947 (Acari: Ixodida) in Colombia

Las garrapatas revisten gran importancia en el campo biomédico por sus hábitos hematófagos y asociación con la transmisión de agentes patógenos a humanos y animales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer las especies de garrapatas que parasitan perros en tres poblaciones del área rural del Caribe colombiano. Durante los meses de agosto y diciembre del año 2006 se realizó búsqueda activa de garrapatas sobre caninos domésticos de las localidades de El Campín, Sabanas del Potrero y Escobar Arriba, departamento de Sucre. Las garrapatas recolectadas fueron almacenadas en viales con etanol al 70% e identificadas empleando claves morfológicas de referencia para cada familia. Para la determinación de especie en la familia Argasidae se realizaron estimaciones morfométricas de estructuras externas. Se recolectaron 420 garrapatas a partir de 50 caninos infestados, de un total de 134 perros examinados, que corresponde a una tasa de infestación del 37,3%. Las garrapatas fueron identificadas como Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus y Amblyomma ovale pertenecientes a la familia Ixodidae, y Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) puertoricensis de la familia Argasidae. La especie predominante fue R. sanguineus (92,1%) en los estados de larva, ninfa y adulto, seguida por larvas de O. puertoricensis, que fueron halladas en menor número sobre caninos de las tres localidades. Se registra, por primera vez en América, el parasitismo de O. puertoricensis sobre caninos domésticos y se confirma su presencia en Colombia.

Ticks are very important from the biomedical point of view, by their hematophagic activity and their role in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to man and animals. The main goal of this work was to establish the tick species parasiting dogs in three rural localities of the Colombian Caribbean. From August to December 2006, an active search of ticks on dogs was carried out in the localities of El Campín, Sabanas del Potrero and Escobar Arriba, department of Sucre. The collected ticks were preserved into eppendorf tubes with 70% ethanol, and identified using standard morphological keys for each family. Argasid species were determined by measuring external morphological characters. Of 134 examined dogs in the three localities, 50 were found infested by ticks, representing a infestation rate of 37,3%. A total of 420 ticks were collected from dogs and identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, and Amblyomma ovale of the Ixodidae family, and Ornithodoros puertoricensis of the Argasidae family. R. sanguineus was the predominant species (92,1%) in the stages of larva, nymph and adult, following by O. puertoricensis larvae recorded in low numbers in the three regions sampled. The tick O. puertoricensis is recorded for the first time as ectoparasite of domestic dogs in America. Additionally, the presence of this tick species is confirmed in Colombia.

STUDY ON THE ISOENZYME OF ORNITHODOROS MOUBATA (MURRAY) AND ARGAS PERSICUS (OKEN) / 重庆医科大学学报

The paper reports the isoenzyme patterns of Lactic dehydrogeriase, Malic dehyd-rogenase and Esterase of the argasid tick ornithodors moubata and Argas persicus. 0. moubata.Malic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male and female consists of 4 and 3 bands respectively. Nympha from the first instar to the fifth consist of 4, 5, 5, 4 and 4 bands respectively.Esterase isoenzyme of the male and female consists of C and 6 bands respectivly. Nympha from the first instar to the fifth consist of 3, 6, 4, 6 and 7 bands respectively.Lactic dehydrogensse isoenzyme of the male and female consists 2 and 2 bands respectively. Nympha from the third instar to the fifth consist of 2,2 and 3 bands respectively. A. persicus:Malic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male and female consists of 3 and 2 bands respecrively. Nymphea from the first instar to the second instar consist of 4 and 3 bands respectively.Esterase isoenzyme of the male and female consists of 3 and 3 bands respectively. Nympha from the first instar to the second consist of 4 and 4 bands respectively.Lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the male and female consists of 2 and 2 bands respectively. Nympha from the first instar to the second consist of 2 and 2 bands respectively.